Along the coast, many factors influence where trees, shrubs, and perennials grow. In coastal areas, winds are often stronger, rainfall is lower, and salt is carried in on the sea breeze. The sun shines more frequently and more intensely. Soil type and fertility can vary greatly from one location to another. Knowledge of the site is therefore very helpful when choosing the right species.
Nevertheless, there are several species that thrive in these conditions. On poor soil, Pinus sylvestris is a common species. You’ll often find this species along the Dutch coast. An alternative is Pinus nigra subs. nigra. On slightly more fertile soil, linden and elm may also be suitable, such as Tilia cordata or Ulmus ‘Clusius’ or Ulmus ‘Lobel’.
Due to the combination of lower precipitation, sun, and wind, evaporation is high at the coast. That is why species with thicker leaves that are narrow and/or small are often well-suited for coastal areas. Examples include shrubs such as sea buckthorn (Hippophae) and olive willow (Elaeagnus).
